On the Hausdorff dimension of generalized Besicovitch-Eggleston sets of \(d\)-tuples of numbers (Q2486117)

Fixing the positive integers \(N\geq 2\) and \(d\), the unique non-terminating \(N\)-adic expansion of a real number \(x\) is expressed by: \[ x=[x]+\sum_{n=1}^\infty {{d_n(x)}\over {N^n}} \] where \([x]\) denotes the integer part of \(x\). The frequency of the digit \(j\in\{0,1,2\dots, N-1\}\) among the first \(n\) of the \(N\)-adic digits of \(x\) is defined by: \[ \Pi_j(x;n)={{| \{i\leq n | d_i(x)=j\}| }\over{n}}. \] The author gives a systematic account for the Hausdorff dimension of sets of \(d\)-tuples of numbers defined in terms of the asymptotic behaviour of the frequencies of the string of digits. In fact the author generalizes to higher dimension the so-called Besicovitch-Eggleston result which states that for a given probability vector \(p=(p_0,\ldots, p_{N-1})\), the Hausdorff dimension of the set \(B(p)\) of numbers \(x\), for which the frequency of the digit \(j\) among the first \(n\) digits of \(x\) approaches \(p_j\) as \(n\to\infty\), is: \[ dim (B(p))=-{{1}\over{\log N}}\sum_{j}p_j\log p_j. \] More precisely, the author investigates the size of the set of \(d\)--tuples of numbers \(x=(x_1,\dots, x_d)\) \(\in[0,1]^d\) for which the frequency \(\Pi_\omega (x;n)\) of the string \(\omega\) of vectors of digits among the first \(n\) digits of the \(x_k\) approaches the coordinate \(p_\omega\) of a given probability vector \(p=(p_\omega)_{\omega\in (\{0,1,\dots, N-1\})^m}\), as \(n\to\infty\), for all strings \(\omega\). In addition to investigating and computing the Hausdorff dimension of several classes of sets of \(d\)--tuples of numbers, the techniques developed by the author can also be used to obtain proofs of known results on the Hausdorff dimension of sets of normal and non-normal numbers.