On boundary behavior of holomorphic components of bianalytic functions (Q2487449)

Let \(D = \{z: | z| < 1\}\) denote the unit disc in the complex plane. A function \(f\) is said to be bianalytic (or 2-analytic) if it has the form \[ f(z) = \phi_{0}(z) + \bar{z} \phi_{1}(z) \equiv a \bar{z} + g_{0}(z) + (1 - z\bar{z}) g_{1}(z) \;, \] where \(a\) is a constant and the functions \(\phi_{0}, \phi_{1}, g_{0}\), and \(g_{1}\) are all holomorphic in \(D\). A bianalytic function \(f(z) = \phi_{0}(z) + \bar{z} \phi_{1}(z)\) is called a birational function of degree \(\leq n\) if both \(\phi_{0}\) and \(\phi_{1}\) are rational functions of degree \(\leq n\). For each positive integer \(n\), let \(PR_{n}(f,D) = \inf \{\| R - f\| _{\infty} \}\), where the infimum is taken over all birational functions \(R(z)= r_{0}(z) + \bar{z} r_{1}(z)\) of degree \(\leq n\) for which the singular points of \(r_{0}\) and \(r_{1}\) lie outside \(\bar{D}\). The authors prove that if \(f\) is a function defined in \(D\) such that \[ \sum_{n=3}^{\infty} PR_{n}(f,D) (\log{n} \cdot \log{\log{n}})^{2} < \infty \;, \] then the function \(f\) is bianalytic in \(D\), continuous on \(\bar{D}\), and all of \(\phi_{0}, \phi_{1}, g_{0}\), and \(g_{1}\) have finite angular limits at almost every point of \(\partial D\). They further prove that there exists a function \(f(z) = \phi_{0}(z) + \bar{z} \phi_{1}(z)\) bianalytic in \(D\) and continuous on \(\bar{D}\) such that, for each positive integer \(n\), \(PR_{n}(f, \bar{D}) < 1/n\) but at each point \(\zeta \in \partial D\), neither \(\phi_{0}\) nor \(\phi_{1}\) has an angular limit at \(\zeta\). The proofs involve a number of careful estimations and calculations.