Some categorical algebraic properties: counter-examples for functor categories (Q2487467)

Given a factorization system \((E,M)\) on a category \(\mathcal{C}\) where \(M\) is a class of monos, \(\mathcal{C}\) has the amalgamation (resp. transferability, resp. congruence extension) property if every span \((f,m)\) with \(f,m\in M\) (resp. \(m\in M\), resp. \(m\in M\) and \(f\in E\)) can be completed to a commutative square \(m'f = f'm\), with \(f',m'\in M\) (resp. \(m'\in M\), resp. \(m'\in M\) and \(f'\in E\)). The author has shown previously that the functor categories \(\mathcal{C}^\mathcal{X}\) inherit these properties from \(\mathcal{C}\) if the latter has all products and pushouts. In order to produce counter-examples, assume now that \(\mathcal{C}\) is a (\(M\)-) subobject-closed, full subcategory of a category \(\mathcal{D}\) having all products and pushouts. The author shows the following: 1) If all \(M\)-morphisms are monos in \(\mathcal{D}\), and there exists a span as above with the pushout object not in \(\mathcal{C}\), but embedded into a product of \(\mathcal{C}\)-objects, then there exists a functor category \(\mathcal{C}^\mathcal{X}\) which does not satisfy the corresponding property. 2) If the objects of \(\mathcal{C}\) form a cogenerating class of \(\mathcal{D}\), then \(\mathcal{C}\) satisfies one of the above properties and has pushouts of the appropriate spans, if and only if \(\mathcal{C}^\mathcal{X}\) satisfies the same property for all small \(\mathcal{X}\). As examples, the categories of finite groups, of integral domains and of fields each satisfy the amalgamation property, but some of their functor categories do not. Similarly for the category of metric spaces with respect to the congruence extension property.