A Dicke type model for equilibrium BEC superradiance (Q2487824)

The main object of the present contribution is to study the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the condensate of a Bose gas. With this in view, the authors set out to model the internal structure of the boson atoms by a two-level system describable by SU(2)-spin symmetry. The condensate particles alone are assumed to interact with the external field; thus the ground state bosons are given a different energy parametrized by a separation level parameter \(\varepsilon.\) In the limit \(\varepsilon\rightarrow 0,\) the system is assumed to behave as if there are two different types of bosons. The interaction is taken to be the second quantized version of Dicke maser model. The recoil of the particles is assumed to be negligible. The authors study the equilibrium states in the thermodynamic limit (infinite volume) and compute the thermodynamic functions. The model by its very nature (assumed interaction) brings out in a transparent manner the cooperation between Bose-Einstein condensation and super-radiance as a function of the separation energy \(\varepsilon\) consistent with the results observed in trap experiments. In particular the explicit expressions for the chemical potential show that the enhancement in condensation is essentially due to the presence of the laser field.