Hamiltonian selfdistributive quasigroups. (Q2488323)

A quasigroup \((Q,\cdot)\) is said to be: -- `medial' if \((ax)(yb)=(ay)(xb)\) \(\forall a,b,x,y\in Q\), -- `distributive' if \(x(ab)=(xa)(xb)\) and \((ab)x=(ax)(bx)\) \(\forall a,b,x\in Q\), -- `Hamiltonian' if every subgroup is normal in \(Q\). The authors investigate and solve the problem of the existence of non-medial Hamiltonian distributive quasigroups in the sense of the following main theorem: Every non-medial Hamiltonian distributive quasigroup has at least 729 elements. Moreover there are (up to isomorphism) only two quasigroups of this type of order 729 which are anti-isomorphic. The proof of this theorem consists of a series of translations of the initial problem into equivalent ones, along the following lines: to any non-medial Hamiltonian distributive quasigroup is associated a class of commutative Moufang loops with suitable operators (i.e., quasimodules); such quasimodules can be represented as ternary algebras which are strictly related to a particular class of cocyclic modules. Hence the initial problem is equivalent to the construction of finite cocyclic modules over the ring \(\mathbb{Z}[x,x^{-1},(1-x)^{-1}]\) that cannot be generated by less than three elements. A detailed study of these modules concludes the proof and allows for explicit constructions of examples of non-medial Hamiltonian distributive quasigroups. In this manner the authors pave the way towards a complete description of such quasigroups.