Global attractivity of a positive periodic solution for a nonautonomous stage structured population dynamics with time delay and diffusion (Q2488793)

This paper studies the nonautonomous population model with stage-structure diffusion and time delay \[ \begin{cases} x_1'(t)=\alpha_1(t) y_1(t)-r_1(t)x_1(t)-\alpha_1(t-\tau)\exp\left(-\int^t_{t-\tau}r_1(s)ds\right) y_1(t-\tau),\\ y_1'(t)=\alpha_1(t-\tau)\exp\left(-\int^t_{t-\tau}r_1(s)ds\right) y_1(t-\tau)-\beta_1(t)y_1^2(t)+ D_1(t)\bigl(y_2(t)-y_1(t)\bigr)\\ \qquad \quad +R(t) y_1(t)z(t),\\ z'(t)=\alpha_3(t)z(t)-r_3(t)z^2(t)-\theta(t)y_1(t)z(t),\\ x_2'(t)=\alpha_2(t)y_2(t)-r_2(t)x_2(t)-\alpha_2 (t-\tau)\exp\left(-\int^t_{t-\tau}r_2(s)ds\right)y_2(t-\tau),\\ y_2'(t)=\alpha_2 (t-\tau)\exp \left(-\int^t_{t-\tau}r_2(s)ds\right)y_2(t-\tau)-\beta_2(t)y_2^2(t)+D_2(t) \bigl(y_1 (t)-u_2(t)\bigr), \end{cases} \tag{*} \] where \(y_i(t),x_i(t)\) represent the mature and immature predator population densities in the patch \(i\), \(i=1,2\), respectively, \(z(t)\) represents the prey in the patch 1, and \(y_1(t)\) is its predator in the patch 1. The mature population \(y_i(t)\), \(i=1,2\), can disperse between the two patches. \(\tau\) denotes the time that the predator \(i\), \(i=1,2\), neads for growing from birth to maturity. \(\alpha_i(t)\) and \(r_i(t)\) denote the birth rate and the death rate of the immature predator in patch \(i\), and \(\alpha_i(t-\tau)\), \(\beta_i(t)\) denote the birth rate and death rate of the mature predator in patch \(i\), \(\alpha_3(t)\), \(r_3(t)\) denote the birth rate and death rate of the prey in patch \(1,R(t),\theta(t)\) denote the preying effective rate and the preying rate in patch 1, and \(D_i(t)\) are the diffusive coefficients of mature predator in patch \(i\), \(i= 1,2\), respectively. All the functions \(\alpha_i(t)\), \(r_i(t)\), \(i=1,2,3\), \(\beta_i(t)\), \(D_i(t)\), \(i=1,2\), \(R(t)\)and \(\theta(t)\) are positive continuous functions on \([0,+\infty)\). In this paper, the authors first establish the existence of a positive periodic solution of system (*) by using the continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory. Further, by using the existence of a positive periodic solution and the method of Lyapunov functional, the authors obtain sufficient conditions for a unique positive solution which is globally attractive.