Levi condition for hyperbolic equations with oscillating coefficients (Q2488847)

The authors consider the Cauchy problem for the following second-order hyperbolic equation \[ \Biggl\{\partial^2_t+ \lambda(t)^2 a(t,D)+ i\lambda(t)\Biggl({\lambda(t)\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^{\delta_1} \Biggl(\log{1\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^{\delta_2} b(t, D)\Biggr\}u= 0,\quad (t, x)\in [0,T]\times \mathbb{R}^n, \] \[ u(T, x)= \phi(x),\;u_t(T, x)= \psi(x), \] where \(a(t, D_x)= \sum a_{jk}(t) D_j D_k,\quad b(t)= \sum b(t) D_j,\;D_j= -i\partial_{x_j}.\) Denote by \(p(t, D)= \lambda(t)\sqrt{a(t, D)}\), \(q(t, D)= \lambda(t)({\lambda(t)\over\Lambda(t)})^{\delta_1}(\log{1\over \Lambda(t)})^{\delta_2} b(t, D)\). Assume that \(\lambda\in C^2((0, T]),\;\lambda'(t)\geq 0,\;\lambda(t)> 0,\;t\in (0,T],\) \[ {|\lambda'(t)|\over \lambda(t)}+ \Biggl({\lambda'(t)\over \Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^2\leq C\Biggl({\lambda(t)\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^2,\quad \log\Biggl({t\lambda(t)\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^2\leq C\log\Biggl(\log{1\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^{\gamma_0}, \] \[ 0< a_0|\xi|^2\leq a(t,\xi)\leq a_1|\xi|^2,\;|b(t,\xi)|\leq b_1|\xi|,\quad a_{jk}\in C^2((0, T]),\;b_j\in C^1((0, T]), \] \[ |a_{jk}'(t)|^2+ |a^{\prime\prime}_{jk}(t)|\leq C\Biggl({\lambda(t)\over\Lambda(t)} \Biggl(\log{1\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^2, \] \[ |b_j'(t)|\leq C\Biggl({\lambda(t)\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^{\kappa_b} \Biggl(\log{1\over\Lambda(t)}\Biggr)^{\gamma_b}. \] Then the authors proved that if some conditions on the symbols \(p(t,\xi)\), \(q(t,\xi)\) are satisfied, then the above Cauchy problem has a unique solution \(u\) satisfying the following energy estimate: \[ \sqrt{\lambda(t)}\|(\lambda(t)\nabla u(t,\cdot), u_t(t,\cdot))\|_{H^s} \leq C\sqrt{\lambda(T)}\|\exp(C_1(\log\langle D\rangle)^\gamma)(\nabla\phi(\cdot), \psi(\cdot))\|^2_{H^s}, \] for some \(\gamma> 0\).