The functional calculus for sectorial operators (Q2492164)

Chapter~1 of the present monograph contains various aspects of functional calculi for operators joined in abstract functional calculus, which axiomatises the constructions prevalent in the literature. In Chapter~2, the basic theory for sectorial operators is developed. After definitions, examples and the introduction of the concept of sectorial approximation and some spaces of homomorphic functions on sectors, the natural functional calculus (nfc) for sectorial operators is constructed according with the abstract scheme of Chapter~1. For injective sectorial operators, the composition rule is proved. Then, for the case of bounded and/or invertible operators \(A\), the extensions of functional calculus to larger functional spaces are given without assumptions on the function behaviour at \(0\) or \(\infty\), using the usual Dunford calculus for \(A\). Finally, after presenting the spectral inclusion theorem, the spectral mapping theorem for nfc is proved. In the following Chapter~3, the basic theory of fractional powers \(A^\alpha\) for sectorial operators \(A\) is presented, based essentially on the functional calculus of Chapter~2. At first, fractional powers with positive real parts are introduced with scaling property, laws of exponents, spectral mapping theorem and Balakrishnan representation, then fractional powers with arbitrary real part. The behaviour of \((A+\varepsilon)^\alpha\) (resp., \(A^\alpha x\)) for variable \(\varepsilon>0\) (resp., variable \(\alpha\)) is examined. The formula for the fractional powers in the case that \(-A\) generates a bounded semigroup \((T(t))_{t\geq 0}\) is given with subsequent development of the Phillips calculus for semigroup generators together with a presentation of fundamental properties of holomorphic semigroups. The relation between generators and semigroups is extended to multi-valued operators. The logarithm of the operator is defined for injective operators and the Nollau representation of the resolvent of \(\log A\) is proved. The connection of \(\log A\) and the family of imaginary powers \((A^{is})_{i\in\mathbb{R}}\) of \(A\) is studied. Chapter~4 is devoted to strip-type operators as abstraction of the logarithm of injective sectorial operators. Their resolvent sets are settled outside some horizontal strip, therefore for strip-type operators, the functional calculus is developed based on Cauchy integrals. The main result states the equality between the spectral angle for an injective operator and the spectral height for the strip-plate operator \(\log A\). The inequality \(w_A\leq\theta_A\) (Prüss--Sohr theorem) ist proved for injective sectorial operators with bounded imaginary powers in a Banach space \(X\), i.e., the group type of the group \((A^{is})_{s\in\mathbb{R}}\) is always larger than the spectral angle of \(A\). The equality \(w_A=\theta_A\) takes place for Hilbert spaces \(H=X\). The sufficient condition for strip-type operators being a logarithm of sectorial operator is given as a slight generalization of the Monniaux theorem. An example with strong inequality in the Prüss--Sohr theorem is constructed. One of the main issues of the theory functional calculus for sectorial operators is the question for which operators \(A\) and bounded holomorphic functions \(f\) (i.e., \(f\in H^\infty\)), the operator \(f(A)\) is bounded. This question and related ones are studied in Chapters 5--8. Chapter~5 collects the general and more technical aspects of the matter (convergence lemma; boundedness and approximation results; equivalence of boundedness of \(\mathcal{F}\)-functional calculi for different subspaces \(\mathcal{F}\) of \(H^\infty\); \(H^\infty\)-angle and its permanence results to additive perturbation; connections with harmonic analysis). In Chapter~6, connections between functional calculus and interpolation spaces are investigated. Hilbert spaces usually play a special role in functional analysis (Chapter 7). Here, the boundedness of the functional calculus is deduced directly from the numerical range \(W(A)\) conditions (von Neumann's inequality and mapping theorems for \(W(A)\), \(C_0\)-groups), connections of functional calculus with similarity problems are discussed (applications of Lyapounov's direct method to decomposition and similarity results for group generators; boundedness of the \(H^\infty\)-calculus on strips and characterization of group generators; results for operators defined by sesquilinear forms; connections with the square root problem). In particular, applications to generators of cosine functions are considered, showing that after a similarity transformation those operators always have numerical range in a horizontal parabola. Chapters 8 and 9 contain applications of the theory to elliptic operators with constant coefficients (connection of functional calculus with Fourier multiplier theory in \(L^1\) and \(L^p\) cases; applications to the negative Laplace operator \(-\Delta\), universal extrapolation space for it; the derivative operator on the line, the half-line and intervals; functional calculus properties of the derivative operators on \(X\)-valued functions) and to problems from numerical analysis regarding time-discretization schemes of parabolic equations (the usage of spaces with bases that are not unconditional; stability and convergence results for rational approximation schemes; regularity questions of solutions of inhomogeneous Cauchy problems). In order for the monograph to be self-contained, some auxiliary material has been put into the following Appendices: Linear Operators; Interpolation Spaces; Operator Theory on Hilbert Spaces; The Spectral Theorem; Fourier Multipliers; Approximation by Rational Functions. Every chapter is endowed with comments containing an overview of previous results of other authors and their interconnections, some open problems and questions.