Asymptotes of solutions of a perfect fluid coupled with a cosmological constant in four-dimensional spacetime with toroidal symmetry (Q2492751)

Considered are metrics with toroidal symmetry, subject to Einstein equations with cosmological constant and perfect fluid energy-momentum tensor. The equation of state is chosen to be \(p = k \rho\) with \(k\) constant. Sought for are self-similar metrics -- meaning metrics invariant with respect to the scaling symmetry resulting from dimension analysis. [\textit{G. I. Barenblatt}, Similarity, self-similarity, and intermediate asymptotics. New York, London: Consultants Bureau. (1979; Zbl 0467.76005)] is referenced for connection with asymptotical behaviour of solutions. It is shown that if \(k = -1\), then self-similar solutions are vacuum and even flat. For \(k = 0\) and \(k = -1/3\), exact nonvacuum self-similar solutions are found, each depending on two integration constants. For \(k \neq 0,-1, -1/3\), the problem is reduced to a second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation, solvable if at least one exact solution is known. Local and global properties of the solutions \(k = 0\) and \(k = -1/3\) are studied in the last section.