Crosscap number two knots in \(S^3\) with \((1,1)\) decompositions (Q2493421)

Given a knot \(K\) in \(S^3\), \(K\) is a crosscap number two knot if it bounds a once-punctured Klein bottle but not a Möbius band. \(K\) admits a \((1,1)\) decomposition if there is a genus one Heegaard splitting of \(S^3\) so that \(K\) is split into two properly embedded trivial arcs, one lying in each solid torus of the Heegaard splitting. The authors explore the family of crosscap number two knots that admit a \((1,1)\) decomposition. In their main theorem, they prove that a knot in this family must fall into one of four types. The first three types are the torus knots, the \(2\)-bridge knots, and the satellite knots. The fourth type consists of knots formed as the boundary of two linked Möbius bands connected by a twisted band. The authors denote a knot of this type as \(K(t_0^*, t_1^*, R)\). Here \(t_i\) is the core of a Möbius band \(B_i\) and \(R\) is the twisted band that connects the boundary of \(B_0\) to that of \(B_1\). The proof of this main theorem uses techniques similar to those used to understand incompressible surfaces in \(2\)-bridge link complements and developed in [\textit{W. Floyd} and \textit{A. E. Hatcher}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 305, No. 2, 575--599 (1988; Zbl 0672.57006) and Topology Appl. 13, 263--282 (1982; Zbl 0493.57004) and \textit{A. E. Hatcher} and \textit{W. Thurston}, Invent. Math. 79, 225--246 (1985; Zbl 0602.57002)]. Namely, the proof uses Morse position of essential surfaces relative to the Heegaard torus.