Strong convergence theorems for commutative semigroups of continuous linear operators on Banach spaces (Q2493632)

Let \(S\) be a commutative semigroup with identity \(e\) and with topology such that both the left multiplication and the right multiplication are continuous. \(C(S)\) is the space of all continuous real-valued functions on \(S\) and let \(r_a\) denote the operator on \(C(S)\) defined by \((r_af)(t):=f(ta)\) for \(f\in C(S)\). \(r_a^*\) will denote the dual operator of \(r_a\). A linear functional \(\mu\in C(S)^*\) is called a mean on \(C(S)\) if \(\mu(1_s)=\| \mu\| =1\). Let \(\mathcal S\equiv \{T_s;s\in S\}\) be a semigroup of bounded linear operators on a real Banach space \(E\) satisfying \(\| T_s\| \leq C\) for all \(s\in S\). Assume that, for every \(x\in E\), the mapping \(s\mapsto T_sx\) is weakly continuous and has relatively weakly compact range in \(E\). Then for every mean \(\mu\) on \(C(S)\) there exists a unique linear operator \(T_\mu\) on \(E\) such that \(\| T_\mu\| \leq C\) and \(\langle T_\mu x,x^*\rangle=\mu(\langle T_s x,x^*\rangle)\) for all \(x\in E\) and \(x^*\in E^*\). \textit{K.\,Kido} and \textit{W.\,Takahashi} [J.~Math.\ Anal.\ Appl.\ 103, 387--394 (1984; Zbl 0608.47045)] showed that if \(\{\mu_\alpha\}\) is a net of means which is strongly regular in the sense that \(\| \mu_\alpha-r_a^*\mu_\alpha\| \to 0\) for every \(a\in S\), then the net \(\{T_{\mu_\alpha}\}\) converges strongly to the projection \(Q\) of \(E\) onto the set \(F(\mathcal S)\) of common fixed points of \(\mathcal S\) such that \(QT_s=T_sQ=Q\) for all \(s\in S\). In the paper under review, this theorem is used to prove the following strong convergence theorem of Mann's type: Under the above assumption on the semigroup \(\mathcal S\), consider the iteration scheme \(x_0=x\in E,\;x_{n+1}=\alpha_nx_n+(1-\alpha_n)T_{\mu_n}x_n\), \(n=0,1,2,\ldots\), where \(\{\alpha_n\}\subset [0,1]\) satisfies \(\sum_{n=0}^\infty (1-\alpha_n)=\infty\). Then the sequence \(\{x_n\}\) converges strongly to \(Qx\). Applications of this theorem to various particular examples of strongly regular sequences of means are also exhibited in this paper.