Embeddings of Danielewski surfaces in affine spaces (Q2494173)

Danielewski surfaces were constructed as counter examples to the cancellation problem: If \(V,W\) are smooth complex affine surfaces such that \(V\times\mathbb{C} \cong W\cong\mathbb{C}\) are \(V,W\) isomorphic? From author's abstract: We construct explicit embeddings of Danielewski surfaces in affine spaces. The equations defining these embeddings are obtained from the \(2\times 2\) minors of a matrix attached to a weighted rooted tree \(\gamma\). We characterize those surfaces \(S_\gamma\) with a trivial Makar-Limanov invariant in terms of their associated trees. We prove that every Danielewski surface \(S\) with a nontrivial Makar-Limanov invariant admits a closed embedding in an affine space \(\mathbb{A}^n_k\) in such a way that every \(\mathbb{G}_{a,k}\)-action on \(S\) extends to an action on \(\mathbb{A}^n\) defined by a triangular derivation. We show that a Danielewski surface \(S\) with a trivial Makar-Limanov invariant and non-isomorphic to a hypersurface with equation \(xz-P(y)=0\) in \(\mathbb{A}^3_k\) admits nonconjugated algebraically independent \(\mathbb{G}_{a,k}\)-actions.