Differential transforms in weighted spaces (Q2494284)

The authors extend the results by \textit{R. L. Jones} and \textit{J. Rosenblatt} [Math. Ann. 323, No. 3, 525--546 (2002; Zbl 1005.28012)] about the series of the differences of differential operators along lacunary sequences to BMO and to the setting of \(L^p(w)\) (the weighted \(L^p\)-spaces). Let \(\rho >1\) and let \(\{\varepsilon _k:k\in \mathbb{Z}\}\) be a \(\rho\)-lacunary sequence of positive numbers, that is, \(\varepsilon _{k+1}/\varepsilon _k\geq \rho \) for all \(k\in \mathbb{Z}\). For a locally integrable function \(f\), let \(D_kf,k\in \mathbb{Z}\) be the averages defined by \(D_kf(x)=f*\varphi _k(x)\) where \(\varphi _k(x)=(\varepsilon _k)^{-1}\chi _{_{(-\varepsilon _k,0)}}(x)\). Let \(\{\nu _k:k\in \mathbb{Z}\}\) be a multiplying sequence, that is, a bounded sequence of real or complex numbers. For each \(N=(N_1,N_2)\in \mathbb{Z}^2\) with \(N_1<N_2\), define the sum \[ T_Nf(x)=\sum\limits_{k=N_1}^{k=N_2}\nu _k(D_kf(x)-D_{k-1}f(x))=K_N*f(x) \] where \[ K_N(x)=\sum\limits_{k=N_1}^{k=N_2}\nu _k(\varphi _k(x)-\varphi _{k-1}(x)). \] The maximal operator \(T^{*}\) associated to the sums \(T_N\) is defined by \[ T^{*}(f)(x)=\sup\limits_{N\in \mathbb{Z}^2}\left| T_Nf(x)\right|. \] The authors prove the following main results: Let \(\{\varepsilon _k:k\in \mathbb{Z}\}\) be a \(\rho\)-lacunary sequence. Let \(\{\nu _k:k\in \mathbb{Z}\}\) be a multiplying sequence and let \(\left\| \nu _k\right\| _\infty =\sup_k\left| \nu _k\right|\). (a) If \(1<p<\infty \) and \(w\in A_p^{+}\) then there exists a constant \(C\) depending only on \(p\), \(\rho \), and \(\left\| \nu _k\right\| _\infty \) such that \[ \left\| T^{*}(f)\right\| _{L^p(w)}\leq C\left\| f\right\| _{L^p(w)} \] for all \(f\in L^p(w)\). (b) If \(w\in A_1^{+}\) then there exists a constant \(C\) depending only on \(p\), \(\rho \) , and \(\left\| \nu _k\right\| _\infty \) such that \[ w(\{x\in \mathbb{R}:\left| T^{*}(f)(x)\right| >\lambda \})\leq \frac C\lambda \left\| f\right\| _{L^1(w)}\text{,} \] for all \(\lambda >0\) and all functions \(f\in L^1(w)\). Using the above results, the authors were able to show that \(T_Nf\) converges a.e. and in \(L^p(w)\) norm for \(1<p<\infty \) ( for \(p=1\), it is shown that \(T_Nf\) converges a.e. and in measure). Also, the authors were able to show that the operators \(T_Nf\) converges in the sense of weak* topology of BMO.