A new existence theory for single and multiple positive periodic solutions to Volterra integro-differential equations with impulse effects (Q2494706)

The authors present a new existence theory for single and multiple positive periodic solutions to the following classes of Volterra integro-differential equations with impulse \[ \begin{aligned} \dot y(t)&=-a(t)y(t)+\int_{-\infty}^{0}K(r)g(t,y(t+r))\,dr, \quad t\not=t_{j}, \\ y(t^{+}_{j})&= y(t^{-}_{j})+I_{j}(y(t_{j})), \quad t\in Z, \;t=t_{j}, \\ \dot y(t)&= a(t)y(t)-\int_{-\infty}^{0}K(r)g(t,y(t+r))\,dr, \quad t\not=t_{j},\\ y(t^{+}_{j})&= y(t^{-}_{j})+I_{j}(y(t_{j})), \quad t\in Z, \;t=t_{j}, \end{aligned} \] where \(y(t_{j}^{+})\) and \(y(t_{j}^{-})\) represent the right and the left limit of \(y(t)\) at \(t=t_{j}\), the functions \(a: \mathbb R\to (0,\infty)\), \(g: \mathbb R\times [0,\infty)\to [0,\infty)\), \(I_{j}: [0,\infty)\to [0,\infty)\) are continuous, and \(a(t)\) and \(g(t,y)\) are \(\omega\)-periodic with \(\omega\) be a positive constant. Moreover the function \(k:(-\infty,0]\to [0,\infty)\) is continuous and satisfies \(\int_{-\infty}^{0}K(r)\,dr=1\). The proofs are based upon the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem in cones. Examples are presented