Approximation on the sphere by weighted Fourier expansions (Q2494982)

Let \(S^m\) be the unit sphere in \(\mathbb R^{m+1}\) with area \(\sigma_m\). We write \(P(S^m)\) to denote the linear space formed by polynomials in \(m+1\) variables restricted to \(S^m\). The set \(H_k(S^m)\) of spherical harmonics of degree \(k\) in \(m+1\) variables joint with the zero polynomial is a subspace of \(P(S^m)\). Let \(\{Y_{k1}, Y_{k2},\dots,Y_{kN(m,k)}\}\) be an orthonormal basis of \(H_k(S^m)\). To every function \(f\in L(S^m)\) one can associate its Fourier series \(\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}\sum^{N(m,k)}_{l=1}\widehat {f}(k)Y_{kl}\). Let \(X\) denote any of spaces \(L^p(S^m)\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), or \(C(S^m)\)(the space of continuous functions on \(S^m\)). The authors investigate the approximation of functions \(f\in X\) by operators \(T_n:X\to X\), where \[ T_n(f)=\sigma_m^{-1}\sum^n_{k=0}\sum^{N(m,k)}_{l=1}a_{kl}(n)\widehat {f}(k)Y_{kl} \] (\(a_{kl}(n)\) are real). In section 2 they give an upper estimate for the norm of the operator \(T_n: X\to X\) (Theorem 2.4) and calculate its norm for the cases \(X=L(S^m)\) or \(X=C(S^m)\) (Theorem 2.5). In Section 3 the necessary and sufficient conditions in order that the sequence \(\{T_n\}^{\infty}_{n=0}\) be an approximate identity in X are given. This implies that \(T_n(f)\) converges to \(f\in X\) as \(n\to\infty\). In section 4 the convergence of the sequence \(T_n(f)(x)\) at the fixed point \(x\in S^m\) is investigated. Note of the reviewer: Many theorems of the paper under review follow from the results of the book: [[KA] \textit{L. V. Kantorovich, G. P. Akilov}, Functional analysis in normed spaces (Russian). Moscow: Fizmatgiz (1959); English translation Oxford etc.: Pergamon Press (1964; Zbl 0127.06104)]. Theorems 2.4 and 2.5 are the consequences of the results of [KA] (see the Sections 2.4 and 2.5 of the Chapter 3 and Theorem 2.1 of the Chapter 10 of this book and take there \(x\in S^m\) instead of \(x\in [a,b]\)). Theorems 3.1, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.8 and 4.4 are the consequences of the Banach-Steinhaus theorem on convergence of the sequence of linear operators or functionals on Banach spaces and the results of the book [KA] indicated above.