WKB analysis of higher order Painlevé equations with a large parameter -- local reduction of 0-parameter solutions for Painlevé hierarchies \((P_{J})\) (\(J=\text{ I, II-1 or II-2}\)) (Q2497333)

The authors study the so-called 0-parameter solutions to general members \((P_J)_m\), \(J=I,\;II-1,\;II-2\), \(m\in{\mathbb N}\), of the Painlevé hierarchies associated with the first and second Painlevé equations \(P_I\) and \(P_{II}\) dependent on the large parameter \(\eta\) and prove that, near the so-called \(P\)-turning point, these solutions can be formally described in terms of a 0-parameter solution to the first Painlevé equation \(P_I\). The authors use an amasing interplay between two kinds of the Stokes geometry - one on the complex \(x\)-plane for an associated linear Schrödinger equation \((SL_J)_m\) dependent on \(t\) as a parameter, and another one on the complex \(t\)-plane for the Frechét derivative of the nonlinear ODE. Taking the 0-parameter solution, all but one (for \(J=I, II-1\)) or all but two (for \(J=II-2\)) turning points of \((SL_J)_m\) are double. Observing that one of these double turning points merges with a simple turning point as \(t\) approaches a \(P\)-turning point \(t=\tau\) and applying certain assumptions, the authors construct formal series for local transformations of the \(x\)-variable in a neighborhood of the merging turning points and of the \(t\)-variable near the corresponding value \(t=\tau\) which map locally \((SL_J)_m\) onto \(SL_I\), the linear Schrödinger equation for \(P_I\).