\(J\)-invariants of plane curves and framed chord diagrams (Q2498303)

\(J\)-invariants of immersed plane curves introduced by Arnold are functions on plane curves which jump only when the plane curve is deformed across a self tangency. The paper under review studies finite order \(J\)-invariants. First the author defines the notion of ``framed chord diagrams'', which are chord diagrams on a circle with each chord assigned a number \(0\) or \(1\). The space of framed chord diagrams is defined as a quotient by three types of generalized 4-term relations. There is a natural correspondence between ``singular plane curves'' (which are plane curves whose only non-generic singularities are self-tangencies) and framed chord diagrams, where each self-tangency corresponds to a chord, with the number \(0\) or \(1\) determined by the orientations of the two strands near the self-tangency. It is shown that any function on framed chord diagrams induced by a finite order \(J\)-invariant of plane curves satisfies the generalized 4-term relations, and that the space of framed chord diagrams has a natural structure of cocommutative coalgebra, and a coalgebra homomorphism from this coalgebra to a Hopf algebra of ``framed graphs'' (which are graphs with each vertex labeled \(0\) or \(1\)) is constructed. In the last section, the possibility of complexification of the notion of \(J\)-invariants is discussed.