Gersgorin variations. II: On themes of Fan and Gudkov (Q2498394)

[For part I see Linear Algebra Appl. 304, No. 1--3, 173--177 (2000; Zbl 0972.15012).] Let \(F = \{ f_1,\dots,f_n\)\} where each \(f_i\) is a nonnegative function of \(n-1\) variables. For a matrix \(A\) = \((a_{ij})\) of order \(n\), let \(A_i\) = \((| a_{ij}|\), \(j\neq i)\), for each \(i\). Suppose for every \(A\), if \(| a_{ii}| > f_i(A_i)\) for each row \(i\), then \(A\) is nonsingular. The authors show that there is a positive vector \(x\), depending only on \(F\), such that \(f_i \geq \sum_{j\neq\;i}| a_{ij}| x_j/x_i\). This elegant result improves a theorem of \textit{K. Fan} [Duke Math. J. 25, 441--445 (1958; Zbl 0081.25202)], and generalizes variations of the Gershgorin theorem due to \textit{A. Ostrowski} [Compos. Math. 9, 209--226 (1951; Zbl 0043.01703)] and \textit{V. V. Gudkov} [Latv. Mat. Ezheg. 1965, 385--390 (1966; Zbl 0192.13303)].