Massless fermions and the instanton dipole liquid in compact QED\(_{3}\) (Q2498781)

The consequences of including parity preserving matter for the effective dual theory corresponding to compact QED\(_3\) are studied with a focus on the effect of that contribution on confinement-deconfinement properties of the system. Two recent proposals when massless fermions are included, both based on an effective anomalous dual model, but having global and local \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) symmetries are compared. A detailed analysis is presented to show that while for large mass fermions the global \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) symmetry is preferred, in the massless fermin case the local \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) scenario turns out to be the proper one. A detailed discussion is given to show how the inclusion of massless fermions leads to deconfinement.