Mass, energy, and the electron (Q2498782)

The purpose of this paper is to (a) derive a two-component force-free Dirac particle equation that incorporates all of the physically meaningful information about the particle contained in the force-free four-component Dirac equation, (b) solve that two-component equation and, from the resulting two-component wave-function, obtain the spatial probability distribution and internal spin of the particle, (c) show that the spin and rest mass of the particle are the result of the phenomenon labeled by Schrödinger as Zitterbewegung and (d) demonstrate that the relativistic increase in mass with velocity of the force-free particle is due to an increase in the rate of Zitterbewegung with velocity. The result is extended to a bound particle in which case the loss of energy due to binding is shown to decrease the rate of Zitterbewegung.