Modular forms for noncongruence subgroups (Q2501376)

Let \(\Gamma\) be the index \(3\) noncongruence subgroup of \(\Gamma^1(5)\) such that the two cusps \(\infty\) and \(-2\) of \(\Gamma^1(5)\) are totally ramified and the other two cusps \(0\) and \(-\frac52\) split completely. The authors prove that \(X_\Gamma\) has a model over \({\mathbb Q}\), and the space \(S_3(\Gamma)\) is \(2\)-dimensional with an explicit basis \(f_+\) and \(f_-\). The \(4\)-dimensional \(l\)-adic representation \(\rho_l\) associated to \(S_3(\Gamma)\) is modular. There are two cuspidal newforms \(g_+\) and \(g_-\) of weight \(3\), level \(27\) and character \(\chi_{-3}\) such that over \({\mathbb Q}_l(\sqrt{-1})\) \(\rho_l\) decomposes into the direct sum of the two \(\lambda\)-adic representations attached to \(g_+\) and \(g_-\), where \(\lambda\) is a place of \({\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{-1})\) dividing \(l\). The forms \(f_+\) and \(f_-\) (resp. \(g_+\) and \(g_-\)) satisfy the Atkin-Swinnerton-Dyer congruence relations.