Modular congruences, \(Q\)-curves, and the Diophantine equation \(x^4+y^4=z^p\) (Q2501397)

In this paper the following two results are proved: (i) If \(p\) is a prime \(> 13\) such that \(p \not \equiv -1 \pmod 8\), then the Diophantine equation \(x^4+y^4 = z^p\) has no solutions \((x,y,z)\in {\mathbb Z}^3\) with \((x,y) = 1\) and \(xy \neq 0\). (ii) If \(p\) is a prime \(\neq 7\), then the Diophantine equation \(x^4+y^4 = z^p\) has no solution \((x,y,z)\in {\mathbb Z}^3\) with \((x,y) = 1\) and \(p\nmid xy\). For the proof of these results, the author attaches a \(Q\)-curve \(E\) of degree 2 defined over \({\mathbb Q}(i)\) to a given non-trivial solution of \(x^4+y^4 = z^p\). He uses the theory of modular congruences to study the congruences between the modular form associated to \(E\) and the particular CM modular forms of level 32 and 256. Furthermore, he uses the theory of sum of two squares and its relation with the CM cusp form of level 32. For \(p \geq 211\), these two results are included in [\textit{J. S. Ellenberg}, Am. J. Math. 126, No. 4, 763--787 (2004; Zbl 1059.11041)], where the following result is proved: If \(p\) is a prime \(\geq 211\), then the equation \(x^2+y^4 = z^p\) has no solution \((x,y,z)\in\mathbb Z^3\) with \(\gcd(x,y) = 1\) and \(xy \neq 0\).