A remark about the systolic geometry of the Klein bottle (Q2502313)

The author states an extremal inequality for the Klein bottle which implies several known results. More precisely, given \(\alpha\in ]0,{\pi\over 2}[\), for any \(z= u+ iv\in\mathbb{R}^2\), one puts \(s(z)= \overline z+ \pi\), \(t(z)= z+ 2i\alpha\) and considers the round metric \((\cos v)^2 du^2+ dv^2\) on \(\mathbb{R}^2\). Let \((K_a,g_\alpha)\) denote the Riemannian quotient \(\mathbb{R}^2/(s,t^2)\). Given a Riemannian metric \(g\) on \(K_\alpha\), denote by \(l(g)\) \((l'(g))\) the minimal length of a closed curve homotopic to a great circle (a meridian). Then, for any metric \(g\) on \(K_\alpha\) conformal to \(g_\alpha\) and \(m'\in [0,\pi\cos\alpha]\), one as: \[ ml(g)+ m'l'(g)\leq \sqrt{4\pi\sin\alpha\,\text{Area}(g)},\tag{1} \] where \(m = 4(\sin\alpha-{\alpha\over\pi} m')\). The equality holds if and only if \(g\) and \(g_\alpha\) are proportional. Since any Riemannian metric on the Klein bottle \(K\) is isometric to a metric on \(K_\alpha\), which is conformal to \(g_\alpha\), (1) entails that \({2\sqrt{2}\over\pi}\) is the value of the systolic constant (the minimal area of the Riemannian metrics of systole 1) of \(K\).