Polynomial identities on superalgebras: classifying linear growth. (Q2502929)

Let \(A=A_0\oplus A_1\) be an associative superalgebra (i.e., \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded algebra) over a field \(F\) of characteristic zero and let \(c^{gr}_n(A)\), \(n=1,2,\dots\), be the sequence of graded codimensions of \(A\). Recall that \(c^{gr}_n(A)\) is the dimension of the space of multilinear polynomials in \(n\) graded variables in the corresponding relatively free superalgebra of countable rank. The problem of characterizing the graded identities of a superalgebra whose sequence of graded codimensions is polynomially bounded was studied by \textit{A. Giambruno, S. Mishchenko}, and \textit{M. Zaicev} [Commun. Algebra 29, No. 9, 3787-3800 (2001; Zbl 1006.16024)]. It turned out that a superalgebra \(A\) has such a property if and only if its graded identities are not consequences of the graded identities of five explicit algebras consisting of a \(2\)-dimensional algebra, the Grassmann algebra \(G\) and the algebra \(UT_2\) of \(2\times 2\) upper triangular matrices endowed with trivial and nontrivial gradings. In particular, these results also show that for superalgebras no intermediate growth is possible. The purpose of this paper is to give a complete classification of the ideals of graded identities of superalgebras whose sequence of graded codimensions is linearly bounded. For each such ideal \(I\) the authors give a set of generators as well as a superalgebra having \(I\) as the ideal of graded identities. A further characterization is given by exhibiting a finite list of superalgebras to be excluded from the variety of superalgebras corresponding to the given ideal. As a consequence of this classification the authors find all linear functions describing the linear growth of the graded codimensions of a superalgebra. Namely, let \(A\) be a superalgebra such that \(c^{gr}_n(A)\leq kn\). Then there exists \(n_0\) such that for all \(n\geq n_0\) one has either \(c^{gr}_n(A)=4n\) or \(kn+j\), \(k=0,\dots,3\), \(j=0,1\), or \(kn-1\) for \(k=2,\dots,5\).