Microlocal analytic smoothing effects for operators of real principal type (Q2504124)

For a linear partial differential operator of order \(m\) \[ P(x,D)=\widetilde P_m(D)+ \sum_{|\alpha|< m} a_\alpha(x) D^\alpha_x, \] where \(\widetilde P(D)= \sum_{|\alpha|= m} a_\alpha D^\alpha_x\), \(a_\alpha\) are constants, the author investigates the microlocal analytic smoothing effect of solutions of the Cauchy problem \[ D_t u(t,x)= P(x, D)u(t, x),\quad t< 0,\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^n, \] \[ u|_{t=0}= u_0(x) \] under the assumptions that \(|D^\beta_x a_\alpha(x)|\leq C(1+ |x|)^{-|\beta|-\sigma}\), \(m\geq 3\) and the Hessian matrix \(\nabla^2_\xi\widetilde P(\xi)\) is invertible for \(\xi\in\mathbb{R}^n\setminus 0\).