On the existence and Morse index of solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation in two dimensions (Q2504735)

The author studies the Allen-Cahn equation \[ \varepsilon^2 \Delta u + u(1-u^2)=0 \quad \text{ in } \Omega \] together with the boundary condition \[ \partial_n u =0 \quad \text{ on } \partial \Omega, \] where \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter and \(\Omega\) is a smooth two-dimensional domain. He shows that for any straight-line segment that intersects the domain ortogonally, there is a solution to the Allen-Cahn equation such that its transition layer is near this segment. He proves the existence of both stable and unstable solutions. For the unstable solutions, he shows that their Morse index is either 1 or 2.