A Pizzetti-type formula for the heat operator (Q2505184)

For positive integer \(K\) and \(u \in C^\infty (\mathbb R^{n+1})\) define \[ H_Ku= (4\pi)^{-K}[n/(2K+n)]^{2+n/2}/K! [-\partial_t +n(2K+n)^{-1}\Delta ]^{K-1} (-\partial_t +\Delta)u. \] If \(r>0\) and \(z_0=[x_0,t_0]\in \mathbb R^{n+1}\) denote by \(\Omega (z_0;r)\) the heat ball with center \(z_0\) and radius \(r\). The main result of the paper is following: If \(u \in C^\infty (\mathbb R^{n+1})\) and \(z=[x_0,t_0] \in \mathbb{R}^{n+1}\) then \[ (4r^n)^{-1}\int_{\Omega (z,r)}u(x,t)| x-x_0| ^2(t-t_0)^{-2}\,dx\,dt= u(x_0,t_0)+\sum_{K=1}^Nr^{2K}H_Ku(x_0,t_0)+O(r^{2N+2}) \] as \(r\to \infty \).