The Hadamard theorem and Borel-Carathéodory theorem on Riemann surfaces (Q2508616)

There are many classical theorems about analytic functions on disc and annulus domains on complex plane, such as Hadamard Three-circle Theorem and Borel-Carathéodory Theorem. Hadamard Theorem gives the relationship of an analytic function's module on three circles with the same center, while the second theorem says that an analytic function is essentially bounded by its real part. Since a Riemann surface locally equals a domain in \(\mathbb C\), therefore it is natural to ask whether these theorems could be generalized to Riemann surfaces. Wang and Zhao have recently obtained the Hadamard theorem on compact Riemann surfaces on the basis of constructing a pseudo-distance function [\textit{S. K. Wang} and \textit{D. Zhao}, Acta Math. Sin. 45, No. 6, 1051--1056 (2002; Zbl 1021.32004)]. In the present paper, their construction of the pseudo-distance function is extended to any Riemann surface according to an existence theorem of a real harmonic function on Riemann surfaces. As a result the author naturally defines the annulus domain and gives the Hadamard theorem and the Borel-Carathéodory theorem on any Riemann surfaces. It should be remarked that the topological structures of discs and annulus domains on the complex plane are trivial, while the topologies of the so-called discs and the annulus domains on Riemann surfaces are more complicated because there may be `holes' on such domains.