Transcendental smallness in singularly perturbed equations of Volterra type (Q2508686)

The paper contains a discussion on so called layer type techniques with respect to the following Volterra integral and integro-differential equations: \[ \varepsilon u(t)=\phi(t)+\int\limits_0^t\displaystyle{\frac{a(t,s)}{(t-s)^{1-\beta}}}f(s,u(s))ds, \quad t\geq 0,\;0<\beta\leq 1, \] \[ \varepsilon u'(t)=\phi(t)+\int\limits_0^t\displaystyle{\frac{a(t,s)}{(t-s)^{1-\beta}}}f(s,u(s))ds, \quad t>0,\;0<\beta<1,\;u(0)=u_0(\varepsilon), \] where \(0<\varepsilon\leq 1\) is sufficiently small parameter, \(f\) is assumed to be sufficiently smooth, \(a\) is sufficiently differentiable with respect to both arguments and \(a(0,0)\) is nontrivial. The function \(\phi(t)\) is continuous for all \(t\geq 0\) and \(\phi'(t)\) is allowed to have an integrable singularity at \(t=0\). A special attention is drawn to the asymptotic character of the so called transcendental smallness.