On the number of cubic orders of bounded discriminant having automorphism group \(C_3\), and related problems (Q2509393)

A cubic order has either 1 or 3 automorphisms. The number of cubic orders with trivial automorphism group and bounded discriminant, and the corresponding number of fields, were computed asymptotically in the past. A corresponding asymptotic formula for the number of cubic fields with an automorphism of order 3, was also obtained in the past, but a formula for \(C_3\)-cubic orders has not previously been obtained. In this paper, the authors give an asymptotic formula for the number of cubic orders having bounded discriminant and nontrivial automorphism group. More generally, they give an asymptotic formula for the number of cubic orders that have bounded discriminant and any given lattice shape. Using a sieve, they also count cubic fields of bounded discriminant whose rings of integers have a given lattice shape. They find, in particular, that among cubic orders (resp. fields) having lattice shape of given discriminant \(D\), the shape is equidistributed in the class group \(\mathrm{Cl}_{D}\) of binary quadratic forms of discriminant \(D\). The authors also obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of cubic fields of bounded discriminant having any given quadratic resolvent field.