The Tannakian formalism and the Langlands conjectures (Q2509398)

Let \(K\) be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. It is known that a connected reductive group \(G\) over \(K\) is determined by \(K_0^+[G]\), the Grothendieck semi-ring of the category of rational representations of \(G\) (the authors give again a new proof). Now let \(\Gamma\) be an abstract group, and let \(K_0^+[\Gamma]\) be the Grothendieck semi-ring of the category of finite-dimensional representations of \(\Gamma\) over \(K\). Every group homomorphism \(\rho: \Gamma \to G(K)\) induces a homomorphism of Grothendieck semi-rings \(\rho^*: K_0^+[G] \to K_0^+[\Gamma]\). In this note, the authors show the following version of the Tannakian formalism: every homomorphism of Grothendieck semi-rings: \(K_0^+[G] \to K_0^+[\Gamma]\) which maps irreducible representations to irreducibles comes from a group homomorphism \(\rho: \Gamma \to G(K)\). Moreover, the Zariski closure of \(\rho(\Gamma)\) contains the derived group of \(G\), and \(\rho\) is unique up to conjugation. Note that the result fails completely in the absence of the additional hypothesis on irreducible representations. The authors apply their theorem to show that in some cases the strong Langlands conjecture follows from the weak one. Actually, they first prove the following corollary: Let \(F\) be a global function field, \(\Gamma_F\) its absolute Galois group, \(\ell\) a prime number different from the characteristic of \(F\). Let \(\hat{G}\) be a reductive group over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell\) and denote by \(c_{\hat{G}}\) its associated Chevalley space. Let \(\Sigma\) be a cofinite subset of the set of places of \(F\) and \(f: \Sigma \to c_{\hat{G}}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell)\) be any map of sets. Assume that, for every irreducible algebraic representation \(\omega\) of \(\hat{G}\), there exists an irreducible \(\ell\)-adic representation \(\rho_\omega\) of \(\Gamma_F\) such that \(Tr \rho_\omega(Frob_v)=Tr_\omega(f(v))\) for almost all \(v\in \Sigma\). Then there exists a \(\hat{G}\)-valued \(\ell\)-adic representation \(\rho: \Gamma_F \to \hat{G}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell)\) such that, for almost all \(v\in \Sigma\), \(f(v)=\chi_{\hat{G}}(\rho(Frob_v))\), where \(\chi_{\hat{G}}\) is the canonical projection \(\hat{G} \to c_{\hat{G}}\). In the application to the Langlands context, \(\hat{G}\) is the connected Langlands dual over \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_\ell\) of a given split connected reductive group \(G\) over \(F\).