On a problem of local-global compatibility modulo \(p\) for \(\mathrm{GL}_2\) (with an Appendix of Lassina Dembélé) (Q2509504)

Let \(L\) be a non ramified finite extension of \(\mathbb Q_p\). This article deals with the question whether certain representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (L)\) over \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\) attached by the author and \textit{V. Paškūnas} to a ``generic'' 2-dimensional representations of \(\mathrm{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}_p/L)\) over \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\) [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 1016, 114 p. (2012; Zbl 1245.22010)] can appear in certain spaces of automorphic forms. The origin of the problem lies in the modularity conjecture of Buzzard-Diamond-Jarvis [\textit{K. Buzzard} et al., Duke Math. J. 155, No. 1, 105--161 (2010; Zbl 1227.11070)] generalizing the Serre conjecture to continuous irreducible totally odd representations \(\overline{\rho} : \mathrm{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}/F) \to \mathrm{GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb F}_p)\), where \(F\) is a totally real number field and \(p\) is non ramified in \(F\): consider the space of quaternionic forms \(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb F}_p)\) := functions on \((D^*\backslash( D\otimes_F \mathbb A_F^f)^*/U, \overline{\mathbb F}_p)\), where \(D\) is a suitable quaternion field of center \(F\) which is ramified at infinite places and non ramified at \(p\)-places, and \(U = \prod_v U_v\) is an open compact subgroup of \((D\otimes_F \mathbb A_F^f)^*\); then it is conjectured that \(\mathrm{ind lim}_U(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb F}_p)[\overline{\rho}^\vee]) \simeq \bigotimes_v' \pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)\), where \(\pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)\) is a certain smooth admissible representation of \((D\otimes_F F_v)^*\) over \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\); the conjecture also predicts the list of irreducible representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v})\) which appear as sub-objects in the \(\mathrm{GL}_2(F_v)\)-representation \(\pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)\), when \(v\) divides \(p\); under an additional ``genericity'' hypothesis on \(\overline{\rho}|_{\mathrm{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}_p/F_v)}\), it is moreover conjectured as a bonus that all the multiplicities of the representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v})\) appearing in the socle of \(\pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)|_{\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathcal O_{F_v})}\) are equal to 1. The present paper concentrates on the examination of \(\pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)\) under the additional genericity hypothesis. In particular, it is conjectured that \(\pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)\) always contains one of the representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(F_v)\) associated to \(\overline{\rho}|_{\mathrm{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}_p/F_v)}\) by Breuil-Paskunas [loc. cit.]. This is a ``local-global compatibility'' conjecture which the author expresses from the point of view of compatibility for the \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v})\)-types (in the sense of Bushnell-Kutzko), rather than for the \(\mathrm{GL}_2(F_v)\)-representations over \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\). More specifically, let \(\pi = \bigotimes_v' \pi_v\) be an infinite dimensional irreducible component of \(\mathrm{ind lim}_U(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb Q}_p))\) and \(\rho : \mathrm{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}/F) \to \mathrm{GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb Q}_p)\) the irreducible \(p\)-adic representation associated with \(\pi\), assumed to be absolutely irreducible modulo \(p\); in particular, \(\rho\) admits up to homothety a unique stable \(\overline{\mathbb Z}_p\)-lattice whose reduction in \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\) will be denoted by \(\overline{\rho}\). Suppose that there exists a \(p\)-place \(v\) such that on the one hand \(\pi_v\) is a tamely ramified (but not unramified) principal series, on the other hand \(\overline{\rho}_v := \overline{\rho}|_{\mathrm{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}_p/F_v)}\) is generic. The Bushnell-Kutzko type \(\sigma_v\subset \pi_v\) (see the appendix by Henniart in [the author with \textit{A. Mézard}, Duke Math. J. 115, No. 2, 205--310 (2002; Zbl 1042.11030)]) is a \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v})\)-representation which possesses many stable \(\overline{\mathbb Z}_p\)-lattices, and the author's \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v})\) local-global compatibility conjecture over \(\overline{\mathbb Z}_p\) gives an explicit (and likely, due to considerations on the Serre weights of \(\overline{\rho}_v\), i.e. the irreducible representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v})\) over \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\) associated to \(\overline{\rho}_v\) by Buzzard-Diamond-Jarvis [loc. cit.]) description of the homothety class of the \(\overline{\mathbb Z}_p\)-lattices induced by \(\mathrm{ind lim}_U(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb Z}_p))\) on \(\sigma_v\) via the embeddings of \(\sigma_v\) into \(\mathrm{ind lim}_U(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb Q}_p))\). Assuming the bonified modularity conjecture of Buzzard-Diamond-Jarvis, the author is able to prove certain partial cases of his compatibility conjecture; he points out that Emerton-Gee-Savitt have recently announced a full proof. The above conjectures and results also yield consequences for the \(\mathrm{GL}_2(F_v)\) local-global compatibility over \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\). Let \(\overline{\rho} : \mathrm{Gal} (\overline{\mathbb Q}/F) \to \mathrm{GL}_2(\overline{\mathbb F}_p)\) be irreducible and let \(v\) be a \(p\)-place such that \(\overline{\rho}_v\) is generic. Let \(D_0 (\overline{\rho}_v)\) be the largest representation for the inclusion of \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v}/(p))\) over \(\overline{\mathbb F}_p\) whose socle is \(\bigoplus\tau_v\) (the sum bears on the Serre weights \(\tau_v\) of \(\overline{\rho}_v\)) and such that these \(\tau_v\) appear only in the socle. Let \(I_{1,v}\subset\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathcal O_{F_v}/(p))\) the subgroup of upper unipotent matrices modulo \(p\). It follows from the constructions of the author-Paskunas [loc. cit.] that the \(\mathrm{GL}_2(F_v)\)-representation \(\pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)\) contains one of the representations associated to \(\overline{\rho}_v\) if and only if the action of the matrix \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix} 0&1\\ p&0\end{smallmatrix}\right)\) on \(\pi_v^D(\overline{\rho}^\vee)\) (or on \(\mathrm{ind lim}_U(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb F}_p))\)) stabilizes the invariant subspace \({D}_0 (\overline{\rho}_v)^{I_{1,v}}\). The author shows that, assuming the bonified modularity conjecture for \(\overline{\rho}\), his compatibility conjecture implies the desired stability. Finally, fix a \(p\)-place \(v\) and take \(U = \prod_w U_w\) such that \(U_v= I_{1,v}\) and (if possible) \(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb F}_p)[\overline{\rho}^\vee] \simeq \pi_v^D (\overline{\rho}^\vee)^{I_{1,v}}\). Then the maximality of \(D_0 (\overline{\rho}_v )\) implies that the above stability property would follow from an assertion of multiplicity 1 for the characters of the Iwahori group \(I_v\) acting on \(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb F}_p)[\overline{\rho}^\vee]\). In a more restricted setting, this multiplicity 1 is equivalent to the conjecture B.1 formulated by Dembélé in the appendix B concerning the dimension of certain subspaces of \(S^D(U, \overline{\mathbb F}_p)[\overline{\rho}^\vee]\), and verified by computer calculations in certain cases (\(p = 3, 5\), \(F = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{2})\), \(\mathbb Q(\zeta_7)^+\), \(\mathbb Q(\zeta_9)^+\), \(\mathbb Q(\zeta_{16})^+\)).