Bruhat order in full symmetric Toda system (Q2509626)

The authors of the paper study the full symmetric Toda system, generalizing the standard tri-diagonal Toda chain. The following main result is obtained. Theorem 3.1. The singular points of the full symmetric Toda flow on \(\mathrm{SO}_n(\mathbb{R})\) can be identified with the elements of the symmetric group \(S_n\), so that two points are connected by a trajectory if and only if they are comparable in Bruhat order of \(S_n\) (after suitable permutation corresponding to the chosen order of eigenvalues). At first, the phase structure is described in detail for the phase trajectories of the full symmetric Toda flow for \(n = 3\) and \(n = 4\). The authors show that the phase transition diagrams in these cases coincides with the Hasse diagrams of the Bruhat order of the groups \(S_3\) and \(S_4\), respectively. Then this result is extended to the general case. As a consequence, the authors obtain that the full symmetric Toda system is a Morse-Smale system.