Pullback exponential attractor for a Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes system in 2D (Q2510104)

The 2D nonstationary flow of a mixture of two incompressible fluids is studied. The flow is described by the equations \[ \begin{aligned} &\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}-\nu\Delta u+u\cdot\nabla u-\nabla p= \mu\nabla\psi+g(t),\quad x\in\Omega, \\ &\text{div}\,u=0,\quad x\in\Omega, \\ &\frac{\partial \psi}{\partial t}+(u\cdot\nabla)\psi= m\Delta \mu,\quad x\in\Omega, \\ &\mu=-\varepsilon\Delta\psi+\frac{1}{\varepsilon}f(\psi), \quad x\in\Omega, \\ &u=0,\;\frac{\partial \psi}{\partial n}=0,\;\frac{\partial \mu}{\partial n}=0, \quad x\in\partial\Omega.\end{aligned} \] Here \(u\) is the velocity field, \(\psi\) is the order parameter field, which represents the difference of the relative concentrations of the two fluids, \(\mu\) is the chemical potential, \(g\) is the time-dependent bulk force, \(\nu=\mathrm{const}>0\), \(m=\mathrm{const}\geq 0\), \(f\) is the derivative of a double-well potential \(F\), \[ p=\pi+\frac{\varepsilon}{2}|\nabla\psi|^2+\frac{1}{\varepsilon}F(\psi), \] where \(\pi\) is the pressure and positive parameter \(\varepsilon\) is related with a small thickness of the interface between two phases of the mixture. The existence of a pullback exponential attractor for the system is proved. This result is based on an energy estimate.