Asymptotic equivalence of group actions on surfaces and Riemann-Hurwitz solutions (Q2510690)

Let \(X\) be a Riemann surface of genus \(g\geq 2\) and \(G\) be a finite group acting conformally and faithfully on \(X\). To this datum one associates the `signature' \((h;m_1,\dots, m_s)\), where \(h\) is the genus of \(X/G\) and the quotient map \(X\rightarrow X/G\) is branched over \(s\) points of orders \(m_1,\dots, m_s\). Of course, for a tuple \((h;m_1,\dots, m_s)\) of \(s+1\) non-negative integers there does not need to exist a Riemann surface \(X\) of genus \(g\), \(G\) as above, and an action of \(G\) on \(X\), such that \((h;m_1,\dots, m_s)\) is the signature of this action. At the very least, one needs that 1) \(m_1,\dots, m_s\) are orders of non-trivial elements of \(G\), and that 2) the Riemann-Hurwitz formula is satisfied, which relates \(g\) with \((h;m_1,\dots, m_s)\). A tuple \((h;m_1,\dots, m_s)\) such that 1) and 2) are satisfied is called \textit{potential signature for \(g\)}. For a fixed finite group \(G\), and a fixed integer \(g\geq 2\), let \(N_g\) denote the number of signatures of actions of \(G\) on Riemann surfaces of genus \(g\), and \(S_g\) the number of potential signatures for \(g\). The set of integers \(g\) such that \(N_g>0\) is called the \textit{genus spectrum} of \(G\). The main result of the article is that for a fixed finite group \(G\), \(N_g\) and \(S_g\) agree asymptotically for \(g\) in the genus spectrum of \(G\). In other words, for sufficiently large \(g\), most potential signatures are signatures.