Combinatorial methods for the twisted cohomology of Artin groups. (Q2511491)

The authors define \textit{combinatorial sheaves} on posets and from this, an algebraic chain complex in a suitable way. Then, they study their homology with twisted coefficients, relate it to discrete Morse theory and apply this to the case of Artin groups. The setup is as follows: let \(P\) be a poset, \(R\) be a unique factorization domain. A sheaf of rings is a contra-variant functor from \(P\) (viewed as a category) to the category of rings. A \textit{weight} on \(P\) is a function \(\omega\colon P\to R\) (\(\omega_x:=\omega(x)\)), that respects the divisibility relation on \(R\), this gives the sheaf of rings \(\{R/(\omega_x)\}\) on \(P\), where \((\omega_x)\) is the principal ideal generated by \(\omega_x\in R\). The authors call the triple \((P,R,\omega)\) a \textit{weighted sheaf} over \(P\). A fundamental example is when the poset is given by a simplicial complex \(K\) with its partial order given by subcomplexes, and the weight is given by \(\sigma\mapsto\omega_\sigma\) satisfying \(\sigma\prec\tau\Rightarrow\omega_\sigma|\omega_\tau\). Using a weighted sheaf on a poset \(K\), one may use this as coefficients for the simplicial homology of \(K\), denote by \(L_*(K)\) the simplicial chain complex with these coefficients. Using the factorization in \(R\), there is a way of taking primary components in the sheaf and a natural filtration of the complex. This gives a spectral sequence that abuts to the homology of \(L_{(\varphi)}\), the corresponding \(\varphi\)-primary component of the complex \(L_*(K)\), and any irreducible \(\varphi\in R\). On the other hand, the authors extend the properties of a weighted sheaf to that of a weighted acyclic matching to obtain a \textit{Morse complex}, \(C^{\mathcal M}\), generalizing notions of discrete Morse theory and prove that there is an isomorphism between the homology of a weighted sheaf and that of the Morse complex obtained from an acyclic matching. They provide explicit computations of these notions for the case of Artin groups given by Coxeter systems.