The \(R_\infty\) property for crystallographic groups of Sol (Q2512650)

Let \(G\) be a group and \(\phi: G \to G\) be a group homomorphism. Two elements \(\alpha, \beta \in G\) are said to be \(\phi\)-conjugate if there exists \(\gamma\in G\) such that \(\beta= \gamma \alpha \phi(\gamma)^{-1}\). The number of \(\phi\)-conjugacy classes is called the Reidemeister number of \(\phi\) and is denoted by \(R(\phi)\). A group \(G\) is said to have the \(R_{\infty}\) property if \(R(\phi)= \infty\) for every automorphism \(\phi\) of \(G\). The group \(Sol\) can be described as a semi-direct product \(\mathbb{R}^2 \rtimes \mathbb{R}\), where \(\mathbb{R}\) acts on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) by \[ (t, (x,y)) \mapsto (xe^t, ye^{-t}). \] Let \(K\) be a maximal compact subgroup of \(Aut(Sol)\). A discrete cocompact subgroup of \(Sol \rtimes K\) is called a crystallographic group modeled on \(Sol\). There are 9 kinds of crystallographic groups of \(Sol\). In the paper under review, the authors study the Reidemeister numbers for automorphisms of crystallographic groups of \(Sol\). Using the averaging formula for the Reidemeister numbers, they prove that most of the crystallographic groups of \(Sol\) have the \(R_{\infty}\) property.