Equilibrium measures and partial balayage (Q2514170)

Let \(\mu\) and \(\lambda\) be (signed) Radon measures with compact supports. Set \[ V^\mu_\lambda =\sup\bigg\{ V\in {\mathcal D}'({\mathbb C}): V \leq U^\mu \text{ in } {\mathbb C}, -\frac 1{2\pi } \Delta V \leq \lambda \text{ in } {\mathbb C} \bigg\}, \] where \(U^\mu(z)=-\int \log|z-\zeta|\, d\mu(\zeta)\) and \({\mathcal D}'({\mathbb C})\) denotes the set of distributions on \( {\mathbb C}\). If the set of all \(V\) under the supremum is not empty, the author defines the \textit{partial balayage} of \(\mu\) to \(\lambda\) to be the signed Radon measure \[ \mathrm{Bal} (\mu, \lambda):=-\frac 1{2\pi} \Delta V^\mu_{\lambda}. \] In the case \(\lambda\equiv 0\) the following properties are established. Theorem 5.1. Let \(\sigma=\sigma_+-\sigma_-\) be a signed Radon measure with compact support for which \(\sigma({\mathbb C})<0\) and such that \(U^{\sigma_-}\) is continuous on \({\mathbb C}\). Then \(\mathrm{Bal}(\sigma, 0)\) exists, has the same total mass as \(\sigma\), satisfies \(\mathrm{supp\,}\mathrm{Bal}(\sigma, 0)\subseteq \mathrm{supp\,} \sigma_-\), and has finite logarithmic energy. Moreover, with \(V^\sigma_0\) as in the definition, for \(\nu:=\mathrm{Bal}(\sigma,0)\), define the sets \(\omega:=\{z\in {\mathbb C}: V^\sigma(z)< U^\sigma(z) \}\) and \(\Omega:={\mathbb C} \setminus\mathrm{ supp\,} \nu\). Then \(\omega\) is an open set and \(\omega\subseteq \Omega\), so for every \(z\in \mathrm{supp\,} \nu\) we have \(V^\sigma_0=U^\sigma(z)\). Furthermore, there exists a constant \(c_0\) such that \(V^\sigma_0=U^\nu+c_0\). A function \(Q: E\to (-\infty, \infty]\) is called a \textit{\(t\)-admissible background potential } for \(t>0\) if the following holds: (i) \(Q\) is lower semicontinuous, (ii) \(\mathrm{cap}(\{ z\in E: Q(z)<\infty\})>0\), and (iii) \(Q(z)-t\log |z|\to \infty \) as \(|z|\to \infty\), \(z\in E\) (if \(E\) is unbounded). Let \(\mu_{Q,t}\) denote the equilibrium measure of the background potential \(Q\), see, e.g., [\textit{T. Ransford}, Potential theory in the complex plane. London Mathematical Society Student Texts. 28. Cambridge: Univ. Press (1995; Zbl 0828.31001)]. Let \(Q\) be a \(t\)-admissible background potential on \(E\subseteq {\mathbb C}\) for some \(t>0\). If \({ G}=(E', \sigma, c)\) is a triple with \(E'\subseteq E\) a compact set, \(\sigma\) a signed and compactly supported Radon measure with \(\sigma({\mathbb C})=-t\) and \(\mathrm{supp\,} \sigma_-\subseteq E'\), and \(c\in {\mathbb R}\) a constant such that the function \(\tilde Q:=c+U^\sigma(z)\) satisfies \[ \tilde Q(z)=Q(z) \text{ for q.e. } z\in E', \quad \tilde Q(z) \leq Q(z) \text{ for q.e. } z\in E, \] then we say that \( G\) \textit{defines a \(t\)-extension of \(Q\)} (relative to \(E'\)). { Theorem 6.4.} Let \(Q\) be a \(t\)-admissible background potential on \(E\subseteq {\mathbb C}\), and assume \({ G}=(E', \sigma, c)\) defines a \(t\)-extension \(\tilde D=c+U^\sigma \) of \(Q\) relative to \(E'\). If \(U^{\sigma_-}\) is continuous on \({\mathbb C}\), then \[ \mu_{Q,t}+\mathrm{Bal}(\sigma, 0)=0. \]