Minimal faithful modules over Artinian rings (Q2515543)

For a left Artinian ring \(R\) and a faithful left \(R\)-module \(M\) which is minimal in the sense that no proper submodule or proper homomorphic image of \(M\) are faithful, the author compares the sum of lengths of modules \(M/J(R)M\) and \(\text{Socle}(M)\) with the length of \(\text{Socle}(R)\), where \(J(R)\) is the Jacobson radical of the ring \(R\). The comparison is done for different conditions on \(R\), namely: 1) when \(R\) is local and \(\text{Socle}(R)\) is central in \(R\); and 2) when \(R\) is a finite-dimensional algebra defined over an infinite field \(k\), where \(k\) is a central image in \(R/J(R)\), \(k\) centralizes \(\text{Socle}(R)\) and \(R/J(R)\) is a direct product of full matrix algebras over a field \(k\). In particular, the following inequalities are respectively obtained: \[ \text{length}(M/J(R)M)+\text{length}(\text{Socle}(M))\leq \text{length}(\text{Socle}(R))+1 \] and \[ \text{length}(M/J(R)M)+\text{length}(\text{Socle}(M))\leq \text{length}(\text{Socle}(R))+\chi(G), \] where \(\chi(G)\) is the Euler characteristic of a bipartite graph determined by the bimodule structure of \(\text{Socle}(R)\). Consequently, a well known result of \textit{T. H. Gulliksen} [Math. Scand. 31, 78--82 (1972; Zbl 0247.13008)] is strengthened. The author also shows that, when \(M\) is faithful, defined over a left Artinian ring \(R\) and has only one minimal condition, namely; ``no faithful proper submodule'' (resp. ``no faithful proper homomorphic image''), then \( \text{length}(M/J(R)M)\leq \text{length}(\text{Socle}(R))\) (resp. \( \text{length}(\text{Socle}(M))\leq \text{length}(\text{Socle}(R))\)).