On divergence of any order Cesàro mean of Lotka-Volterra operators (Q2516301)

The author considers the following class of Lotka-Volterra operators defined on the two dimensional simplex \(S^2=\{x,y,z\in \mathbb{R}^2:x,y,z\geq0, x+y+z=1\}\): \[ V_f: \begin{cases} x^{\prime}=x[1+(ay-bz)f(x,y,z)] , \\ y^{\prime}=y[1+(cz-ax)f(x,y,z)], \\ z^{\prime}=z[1+(bx-cy)f(x,y,z)],\end{cases} \] where \(a,b,c\in[-1,1]\) and prove that if the parameters \(a,b,c\) have the same sign and \(f:S^2\rightarrow [-1,1]\) is a non-vanishing \(C^1\)-smooth functional, then any order Cesàro mean \[ \operatorname{Ces}_k^{(n)}(P,V)=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\operatorname{Ces}_{k-1}^{(i)}(P,V),\, k\in \mathbb{N} \] with \(\operatorname{Ces}_0^{(i)}(P,V)=V^{(i)}(P),\) diverges for almost all initial points \(P\in S^2\).