Discrepancy theorems for the zero distribution of rational functions (Q2516760)

In this paper, discrepancy theorems for rational functions are obtained. These results imply theorems about the weak-star convergence of the zero distribution of more general sequences of rational functions. Let \(D\subseteq\overline{\mathbb{C}}\) be a region with bounded and regular boundary \(\partial D\) and \(\Gamma\subseteq\partial D\) be a Jordan curve or a Jordan arc of class \(C^{2+}\) with dist\,(\(\Gamma,\partial D\setminus\Gamma)>0\). If \(\Gamma\) is a Jordan curve, then \(\Omega\) denotes the connected component of \(\overline{\mathbb C}\setminus\overline{D}\) such that \(\partial\Omega=\Gamma\). Let \(G_D(\cdot,\xi)\) be the Green function of the region \(D\) with pole at the point \(\xi\in D\). Let \(G(z):=\sum_{j=1}^M\beta_jG_D(z,\eta_j)\), where \(\eta_j\in D\) are pairwise different points and \(0<\beta_j\leq1\) are weights with \(\sum_{j=1}^M\beta_j=1\). For \(\gamma\subseteq\partial D\) and \(1<\sigma<\sigma_0\), let \[ S^+_\sigma(\gamma):=\big\{z\in\overline{D}:G(z)\leq\log\sigma>\text{and}>\pi(z)\in\gamma\big\}, \] where \(\pi(z)\) is the orthogonal projection with respect to the level lines of \(G\) onto \(\partial D\), and, for \(\gamma\subseteq\Gamma\) and \(\sigma>1\), let \[ S^-_\sigma(\gamma):=\big\{z\in\overline{\Omega}:G_0(z)\leq\log\sigma>\text{and}>\pi_0(z)\in\gamma\big\}, \] where \(\pi_0(z)\) is the orthogonal projection with respect to the level lines of \(G_0(z):=G_\Omega(z,\eta_0)\) (\(\eta_0\in\Omega\) is an arbitrary fixed point) onto \(\Gamma\), and \(S_\sigma(\gamma):=S^-_\sigma(\gamma)\cup S^-_\sigma(\gamma)\). Let \(R\) be a rational function, \(R\not\equiv0\), with \(k\) poles \( \xi_l\), \(l = 1, . . . , k\), in \(D\), where each pole is listed according to its multiplicity; let \(\nu\) be the absolute zero counting measure of \(R\) and \(\mu_l\) the harmonic measure of the point \(\xi_l\) with respect to \(D\). One of the main results of this paper is the following. Theorem. Let \(\Gamma\) be a Jordan curve, and let \(r _0, r_1 > 1\) be arbitrarily chosen constants. Suppose that \(\varepsilon_{r_0,\Omega}\) and \(\varepsilon_{r_1,D}\) are finite, and let \(c_0 > 0\) such that \(d :=c_0\sqrt{\varepsilon_{r_0,\Omega}+\varepsilon_{r_1,D}}< 1\), \((1 + 2d) <\min\{r_0, r_1,\sigma_0\}\) and \(S_{1+2d}(\Gamma)\) is bounded. Then there exists \(c=c(D,G_0,G)>0\) such that \[ \left|\left(\nu-\sum_{i=1}^k\mu_i\right)(S^-_{1+d}(J)\cup S^+_{\sigma}(J))\right|\leq \left(\frac c{c_0}+c_1c_0\right)\sqrt{\varepsilon_{r_0,\Omega}+\varepsilon_{r_1,D}} \] for every subarc \(J \subseteq\Gamma\) and for all \(\sigma\geq1 + d\). The constants \(\varepsilon_{r_0,\Omega}\), \(\varepsilon_{r_1,D}\), \(c_1\) are defined in the paper.