New moduli of smoothness: weighted DT moduli revisited and applied (Q2516763)

The authors consider a new modulus of smoothness as follows. For \(1\leq p\leq\infty\) and the integer \(r\geq1\) define \(\mathbb{B}_p^r:=\{f|f^{(r-1)}\in AC_{loc}(-1,1),\;\text{and}\;\| f^{(r)}\varphi^r\|_p<\infty\}\) and set \(\mathbb{B}_p^ 0:=\mathbb{L}_p[-1,1]\). Then, for \(f\in \mathbb{B}_p^r\), \(k\geq 1\) integer and \(t>0\) define \[ \omega_{k,r}^{\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p:=\sup_{0\leq h\leq t}\Big\|\mathcal{W}_{k,h}^r(\cdot)\Delta_{h\varphi(\cdot)}^k(f^{(r)},\cdot)\Big\|_p, \] where \(\mathcal{W}_{\delta}(x):= ((1-x-\delta\varphi(x)/2)(1+x-\delta\varphi(x)/2))^{1/2}\), \(\varphi(x)=(1-x^2)^{1/2}\) and \(\Delta_{\delta}^k\) denotes the centered finite difference of order \(k\). An average modulus, \(\omega_{k,r}^{\star\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p\) is defined too. In the case \(p=\infty\), modulus \(\omega_{k,r}^{\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p\) was studied previously by the third author [Polynomial approximation and traces of functions continuous on a segment (Russian), Naukova Dumka, Kiev. (1992)]. The main result consists in proving the equivalence of moduli \(\omega_{k,r}^{\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p\) and \(\omega_{k,r}^{\star\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p\) with the corresponding \(K\) functional \[ K^{\varphi}_{k,r}(f^{(r)},t^k)_p:=\inf_{g\in \mathbb{B}_p^{k+r}}(\|(f^{(r)}-g^{(r)})\varphi^r\|_p+t^k\| g^{(k+r)}\varphi^{k+r}\|_p). \] From this it follows also the equivalence \(\omega_{k,r}^{\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p\sim\omega_{\varphi}^{k}(f^{(r)},t)_{\varphi^r,p}\), where the last modulus is the modification for interval \((-1,1)\) instead of interval \((0,1)\) and for the particular choice of the weight \(\varphi^r\) of a weighted modulus of smoothness given in the book of Ditzian and Totik (1987). The great advantage of the new modulus \(\omega_{k,r}^{\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p\), compared with \(\omega_{\varphi}^{k}(f^{(r)},t)_{\varphi^r,p}\), is due to his simple form. Note that: \[ \begin{aligned} \omega_{\varphi}^{k}(f^{(r)},t)_{\varphi^r,p} = & \sup_{0<h\leq t}\left\|\varphi^r\Delta_{h\varphi}^kf\right\|_{\mathbb{L}_p[-1+t^{\star},1-t^{\star}]} +\sup_{0<h\leq t}\left\|\varphi^r\overrightarrow{\Delta}_{h\varphi}^kf\right\|_{\mathbb{L}_p[-1, -1+At^{\star}]}\\ & +\sup_{0<h\leq t}\left\|\varphi^r\overleftarrow{\Delta}_{h\varphi}^kf\right\|_{\mathbb{L}_p[1-At^{\star},1]},\end{aligned} \] where \(t^{\star}:=2k^2t^2\) and \(A\) is an absolute constant. In the last part of the paper, modulus \(\omega_{k,r}^{\varphi}(f^{(r)},t)_p\) is applied in order to obtain Jackson type estimates for the best polynomial approximation for functions from the space \(\mathbb{B}_p^r\) and in obtaining inverse theorems in polynomial approximation.