Local-global principle for function fields over higher local fields. I (Q2517137)

Let \(d\geq 0\) be an integer. A \(d\)-local field, \(k=k_d\) is a complete discretely valued field with its residue field \(k_{d-1}\), a \(d-1\) local field, where a 0-local field is assumed to be either a finite field or \(\mathbb{C}((t))\). For each \(0\leq i\leq d-1\), we call \(k_i\) (got by repeatedly taking residue fields) to be the \(i\)-local field associated to \(k\). Let \(X\) be a curve over such a higher dimensional \(d\)-local field \(k\) and let \(K\) denote its function field. Let \(T\) be a \(K\)-torus and \(\tilde{T} = \hat{T}\otimes \mathbb{Z}(d)\), where \(\hat{T}\) is the character group of \(T\) and \(\mathbb{Z}(d)\) is the d-th motivic complex. The Tate-Shafarevich group \(TS^r(K, T)\) is defined to be the kernel of the map \(H^r(K, T)\to \prod_{v\in X^{(1)}} H^r(K_v, T)\) where \(K_v\) denotes the completion of \(K\) at discrete valuation \(v\). Thus \(TS^r(K, T) = \{0\}\) if and only if elements in \(H^r(K, T)\) satisfy the ``local-global principle''. A previous paper of the author established a perfect duality between \(TS^1(K, T)\) and \(TS^{d+2}(K, \tilde{T)}\) mod its maximal divisible subgroup and likewise between \(TS^{d+1}(K, \tilde{T})\) and \(TS^{2}(K, T)\) mod its maximal divisible subgroup. Further, under the hypothesis of the triviality of \(TS^2(L, \mathbb{G}_m)\) where \(L\) is a finite extension splitting \(T\), a seven term Poitou-Tate type of exact sequence was given. In this paper, the triviality of \(TS^2(K, \mathbb{G}_m)\) is investigated for \(K\) as above, with an additional assumption, namely that the \(1\)-local field \(k_1\) associated to \(k\) is required to have characteristic \(0\). The study of these Tate-Shafarevich groups lead to both examples and counter-examples of local-global principles for central simple algebras over \(K\). More precisely, \(TS^2(K, \mathbb{G}_m)\) is shown to be trivial in the following situations: a) \(X\) has genus \(0\) b) \(k_1\) is a \(p\)-adic field and \(X\) is \(\mathrm{Proj} (k[x,y,z]/f)\) where \(f\) is a polynomial defined over the ring of integers of \(k_1\) with a further assumption about reduction mod \(p\) c) \(k_0=\mathbb{C}((t))\) and \(X\) is an elliptic curve \(y^2 = x^3+Ax+B\) for \(A, B\in k_0\) with a further assumption about reduction of \(X/k_0\) mod \(t\). \(TS^2(K, \mathbb{G}_m)\) is shown to be non-trivial for when \(X\) is the elliptic curve \(y^2=x(1-x)(x-p)\) where \(p\) is an odd prime and \(k = \mathbb{Q}_p((t_1))\ldots ((t_{d-1}))\). The element \((1-x)\) is proved to be a local square and shown to give rise to the non-trivial element \((1-x)\cup t\) in \(TS^2(K, \mathbb{G}_m)\). A similar counterexample is given when \(k_0=\mathbb{C}((t))\). The finiteness of \(TS^{d+3}(K, \tilde{T})\) is investigated in the appendix.