The Duffing equation with the potential Landesman-Lazer condition (Q2518115)

Consider the Duffing equation \[ \begin{cases} u''(x)+cu'+(m^2-\frac{c^2}{4})u+g(x,\;u)=f(x), \quad & x\in (0,\;\pi),\\ u(0)=u(\pi)=0, \end{cases} \tag{1} \] where \(c\in R,\;m\in N\), \(g:(0, \pi)\times R\mapsto R\) is a Caratheodory function and \(f\in L^{1}(0, \pi)\). Define \[ G_{+}(x)=\liminf_{s\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{G(x, s)}{s},\;\;G_{-}(x)=\limsup_{s\rightarrow-\infty}\frac{G(x, s)}{s}, \] where \(G(x, s)=\int_{0}^{s}g(x, t)dt\). Assume that there exists \(p\in L^{1}(0, \pi)\) such that \[ |g(x,\;s)|\leq p(x)\text{ for a.e. }x\in (0, \pi)\text{ and all }s\in R, \] and \[ \begin{multlined} \int_{0}^{\pi}\left[e^{\frac{c}{2}x}(G_{-}(x)(\sin mx)^{+}-G_{+}(x)(\sin mx)^{-})\right]\,dx < \int_{0}^{\pi}[e^{\frac{c}{2}x}f(x)\sin mx]\,dx<\\ < \int_{0}^{\pi}\left[e^{\frac{c}{2}x}(G_{+}(x)(\sin mx)^{+}-G_{-}(x)(\sin mx)^{-})\right]dx.\end{multlined} \] Then the author proves that problem (1) has at least one solution via the well-known saddle point theorem.