The exponential Diophantine equation \(AX^2+BY^2=\lambda k^Z\) and its applications (Q2518167)

Let \(A\), \(B\) and \(k\) be pairwise coprime rational integers \({}>1\) and let \(\lambda\in \{1,2,4\}\) be such that if \(\lambda = 4\) then \(A\neq 4\) and \(B\neq 4\), and with \(\lambda=4\) when \(k\) is even. The authors describe all the integer solutions of the equation \[ AX^2+BY^2=\lambda k^Z, \quad \gcd(X,Y)=1, \;Z>0, \] where \(\text{rad}(X) \mid A\) and \(\text{rad}(Y) \mid B\) (here \(\text{rad}(x)\), the radical of \(x\), is the product of the prime divisors of~\(x\)). From this result, they deduce some results on the number of solutions of the Diophantine equation \(\ell a^x+mb^y=c^z\) with \(x\), \(y\), \(z>1\) and also some improvements of Terai's result on the equation \(a^x+2^y=c^z\).