Energetics of a strongly correlated Fermi gas (Q2518407)

In this paper, it is shown that there is a simple relation between the energy of two-component Fermi gas and the momentum distribution, which is independent of the details of the short-range interactions, except the scattering length. This relation holds for any finite-energy states, no matter few-body or many body, equilibrium or non-equilibrium, zero temperature or finite temperature, superfluid state or normal one, and also for any populations of two spin states. First, a generalized function called the Lambda function is introduced with aim to streamline the formulation of the s-wave contact interaction problem. Then, another generalized function is introduced, which together with the first generalized function span a two-dimensional linear space called the selector space, in which each point corresponds to certain values of some integrals. In the author's approach, integrals of ordinary functions which are divergent remain divergent forever, and the generalized functions and ordinary ones coexist, forming a coherent system. A special element-selector in this space is defined and allows one to prove the relation between the energy and momentum distribution. The discussed physical implications are connected with the generalization of a simple property of non-interacting particles, in the context of strongly interacting ultracold quantum gases with resonant interactions. The author also discusses the application of the results to confined quantum gases and finds that the energy of the system can be extracted from the equal-time one-body reduced density matrix only. Then, it is formulated the s-way contact interaction problem of ultracold fermions in a simple and coherent way in momentum space using the above generalized functions. Using this formalism, the relation between the energy and the momentum distribution is rederived in a simpler way and the three-body problem is solved for the energy scattering between a fermion and a weakly bound dimer of fermions.