On triple systems and extended Dynkin diagrams of Lie superalgebras (Q2518907)

For \(\varepsilon=\pm 1\) and \(\delta=\pm 1\), an \((\varepsilon,\delta)\) Freudenthal-Kantor triple system is a vector space endowed with a triple product \(abc=L(a,b)c\) such that \([L(a,b),L(c,d)]=L(abc,d)+\varepsilon L(c,bad)\) and \(K(abc,d)+K(c,abd)+\delta K(a,K(c,d)b)=0\), where \(K(a,b)c=acb-\delta bca\). The system is said to be balanced if there is a bilinear form such that \(K(a,b)c=(a|b)c\) for any \(a,b,c\). Freudenthal-Kantor triple systems are building blocks in the construction of some \({\mathbb Z}\)-graded Lie algebras (\(\delta=1\)) and superalgebras (\(\delta=-1\)). The exceptional simple Lie superalgebras of types \(D(2,1;\alpha)\), \(G(3)\) and \(F(4)\) can be constructed from some balanced \((-1,-1)\) Freudenthal-Kantor triple systems associated to the algebras of quaternions and octonions. This construction endows the Lie superalgebras with a particular \(5\)-grading, whose \(1\) and \(-1\) components coincide with the corresponding \((-1,-1)\) Freudenthal-Kantor triple systems, and whose \(2\) and \(-2\) components are one-dimensional. The paper under review considers the distinguished Dynkin diagrams and extended Dynkin diagrams of the Lie superalgebras of types \(G(3)\) and \(F(4)\), and finds explicitly the roots corresponding to each homogeneous space in the \(5\)-grading mentioned above. In particular, this gives the decomposition in weight spaces of the associated \((-1,-1)\) Freudenthal-Kantor triple systems and related `anti-Lie' triple systems.