Operators reversing orthogonality in normed spaces (Q2520620)

Let \(X\) be a real or complex normed space and denote by \(\perp\) the relation of Birkhoff-James orthogonality among the elements of \(X\). In this paper, the author considers linear transformations \(T\) on \(X\) which preserve orthogonality in the sense that, for any \(x,y\in X\), we have that \(x\perp y\) implies \(Tx \perp Ty\), or the reverse orthogonality in the sense that \(x\perp y\) implies \(Ty \perp Tx\). Among other results, it is proved that a linear map \(T:X\to X\) preserves orthogonality if and only if it is a nonzero scalar multiple of a linear isometry. It is shown that in the case where \(X\) is two-dimensional and either smooth and not strictly convex, or strictly convex but not smooth, there are no nontrivial linear transformations reversing orthogonality. Still concerning the two-dimensional case, a further result tells that the class of nontrivial linear maps on \(X\) reversing orthogonality coincides with the class of all nonzero multiples of linear isometries if and only if the Birkhoff-James orthogonality on \(X\) is a symmetric relation. As for higher dimensions, it is proved that, if \(X\) is a smooth normed space with \(\dim X\geq 3\), then there exists a nonzero linear transformation \(T : X \to X\) reversing orthogonality if and only if \(X\) is an inner product space.