Note on Bernoulli numbers associated to some Dirichlet character of prime conductor (Q2520694)

Let \(m\), \(n\) be positive integers such that \(m\) divides \(n\) and \(\frac nm\) is odd. Let \(p\) be a prime of the form \(p=2n\ell+1\) for some odd prime \(\ell\nmid m\). Let \(\xi\) be an odd Dirichlet character of conductor \(p\) and order \(2m\ell\). It is well known that \(S(\xi)=p B_{1,\chi}=\sum_{a=1}^{p-1}a\xi(a)\) in non-zero. For any positive integer \(k\) let \(\zeta_k\) be a primitive \(k\)th root of unity. The paper under review proves the following theorem: Let \(K=\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{2m})\) and \(L=\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_{2m\ell})\). Suppose that \(c_m=\frac{m}{\varphi(2m)}<2\), where \(\varphi\) denotes the Euler function, and that \(\ell>\bigl(\frac{\log p+\kappa}{4\pi}\cdot\root m\of2\cdot\sqrt p\bigr)^{c_m}\), where \(\kappa=2+\gamma-\log\pi=1.432485\dots\), \(\gamma\) being the Euler constant. Then the trace \(\text{Tr}_{L/K}(\zeta_\ell^{-u}S(\xi))\neq0\) for all \(u=0,1,\dots,\ell-1\). For any imaginary abelian field \(M\) let \(h_M^-\) be the relative class number of \(M\). Using the previous theorem, the following result is obtained: Let \(F\) be the real subfield of \(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p)\) with \([F:\mathbb{Q}]=\ell\) and \(k=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-p})\). Let \(r\) be a prime which is a primitive root modulo \(\ell\). If \(r=n-2\) and \(r\nmid h_k^-\), or if \(r\geq n-1\), then \(r\) does not divide the integer \(h_{Fk}^-/h_k^-\).