Embedding theorems for local analytic groups (Q2520896)

Let \( X \) be a Banach space with norm \(\|\|\) over the field of real numbers. Then \( X \) is called a normed Lie algebra if there is a Lie multiplication \( [x, y] \) defined in \( X \) such that \( \|[x, y]\| \leqq\|x\| \cdot\|y\| \) holds for every \( x, y \) in \( X \). One can assign to every normed Lie algebra \( X \) a local group \( L(X) \) consisting of sufficiently small neighbourhoods of 0 in \( X \) in which the multiplication \( x \cdot y \) is given by the Campbell-Hausdorff-Schur formula. A normed Lie algebra \( X \) is called an \( E \)-algebra if \( L(X) \) is locally embeddable in a group. If \( X \) is of finite dimension, then \( L(X) \) is of Lie type, and therefore, by Ado's theorem, it is always locally embeddable in a group. However, it is known that not all normed Lie algebras are \( E \)-algebras (cf. [\textit{W. T. van Est} and \textit{Th. J. Korthagen}, Nederl. Akad. Wet., Proc., Ser. A 67, 15--31 (1964; Zbl 0121.27503)]). In this note the author shows that \( X \) is an \( E \) algebra if \( X \) has a closed ideal \( Y \) such that \( X / Y \) is abelian and \( Y \) is an \( E \)-algebra. Further, he also shows that a normed Lie algebra which is soluble in a generalised sense is always an \( E \)-algebra. More precisely, a normed Lie algebra \( X \) is called to be lower soluble if there exists an ordinal number \( \alpha \) and an ascending sequence \( 0=X_{0} \subset X_{1} \subset \cdots \subset X_{\beta} \subset X_{\beta+1} \subset \cdots \subset X_{\alpha}=X \) of closed subalgebras of \( X \) such that (a) if \( \beta \leqq \alpha \) is not a limit number, then \( X_{\beta-1} \) is an ideal of \( X_{\beta} \) and \( X_{\beta} / X_{\beta-1} \) is abelian, (b) if \( \beta \leqq \alpha \) is a limit number, then \( X_{\beta} \) is the closure of \( \cup_{\gamma<\beta} X_{\gamma} \) in \( X \). Then, using the previous result, it is proved by induction with respect to the ordinal number that every lower soluble normed Lie algebra is an \( E \)-algebra.